SKIMMING AND SCANNIING

Monday 26 March 2012

SKIMMING AND SCANNIING
Reviewed by mulyadi calaviano on
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SKIMMING AND SCANNIING
SKIMMING AND SCANNIING
SKIMMING AND SCANNIING
Rating: 5
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SKIMMING AND SCANNIING

Skimming is used to quickly identify the main ideas of a text. When you read the newspaper, you're probably not reading it word-by-word, instead you're scanning the text. Skimming is done at a speed three to four times faster than normal reading. People often skim when they have lots of material to read in a limited amount of time. Use skimming when you want to see if an article may be of interest in your research.


There are many strategies that can be used when skimming. Some people read the first and last paragraphs using headings, summarizes and other organizers as they move down the page or screen. You might read the title, subtitles, subheading, and illustrations. Consider reading the first sentence of each paragraph. This technique is useful when you're seeking specific information rather than reading for comprehension. Skimming works well to find dates, names, and places. It might be used to review graphs, tables, and charts.

Scanning is a technique you often use when looking up a word in the telephone book or dictionary. You search for key words or ideas. In most cases, you know what you're looking for, so you're concentrating on finding a particular answer. Scanning involves moving your eyes quickly down the page seeking specific words and phrases. Scanning is also used when you first find a resource to determine whether it will answer your questions. Once you've scanned the document, you might go back and skim it.

When scanning, look for the author's use of organizers such as numbers, letters, steps, or the words, first, second, or next. Look for words that are bold faced, italics, or in a different font size, style, or color. Sometimes the author will put key ideas in the margin.

Reading off a computer screen has become a growing concern. Research shows that people have more difficulty reading off a computer screen than off paper. Although they can read and comprehend at the same rate as paper, skimming on the computer is much slower than on paper.

SKIMMING

Recall how you find a name in a telephone book? You don't read any more than necessary to find the name you seek. Notice that you go directly down a column of news. Maybe you use your finger to guide your eyes. This type of reading is usually called scanning. Skimming uses the same type of skill mechanically but a different skill mentally. In scanning, you know what you are looking for. In skimming you don't.
Since you don't know exactly what you are looking for while skimming, prepare yourself by reading the title, source, author, and picture: then you question yourself, -- who, what, when, where is this likely to be mainly about? With a questioning mind you direct your eyes down the column of print, or in a zig-zag, if the lines are quite long. Look for exact names of people, places, things, ideas, numbers, and words like therefore, whenever, until, because, and instead, to clue you to how and why.
When you first start to learn to skim you may see only the words in bold type, italics, digits, or capitalized words. Soon you will note new or unusual vocabulary. As you become an efficient skimmer your span of perception will develop and your ability to make closure will increase.
Skimming is a step you should always take before you read any article of factual or practical narrative. You will soon be able to detect most important facts, strange vocabulary, and words that are clues to important relationships.
It's a good practice to skim everything in mass media after reading the title and first paragraph. You may get all the information you want. This keeps your skimming skills from deteriorating, or will give you the practice you need to develop necessary skills.
Skim everything you intend to read before you make a final decision to read, discard, or study the material.
Skim all highlighting and develop a read-skim pattern to use for rapid review. And don't overlook this! Reviewing frequently and rapidly is the best way to memorize (or simply remember information) from notes and long text assignments.
Skimming adalah teknik membaca membaca dengan cepat tujuannya untuk mencari pikiran utama dari suatu tulisan. Waktu melakukan skimming biasanya kita tidak membaca kata per kata. Salah satu kegunaannya misalnya utk nentuin suatu tulisan, artikel, atau bku tertentu bagus atau tidak, apa kita perlu untuk baca lebih detil lagi setelah kita tau kira-kira iisinya apa.

Scanning beda lagi, padanannya mungkin memindai yah? Scanning biasanya dilakukan untuk mencari informasi tertentu. Contoh scanning adalah waktu kita liat pengumuman kelulusan  atau cari2 lowongan kerja. Kita udah menentukan dulu biasanya apa yang kita cari sebelum melakukan scanning.

Skimming dan scanning juga bisa dilakukan bersamaan. Contohnya kita baca suatu artikel dengan cara skimming untuk mendapatkan topik yang kita pengen, setelah itu kita bisa melakukan scanning, baca artikel itu untuk mendapatkan topik tersebut.

Kutip
1. Membaca sekilas (scanning)

Gunakan teknik ini untuk mencari informasi tertentu dari suatu buku/makalah, seperti sebuah definisi atau judul bab tertentu. Misalnya, Anda sedang membuat tinjauan tentang sebuah novel dan mendadak lupa nama salah seorang tokoh yang tertembak mati. Anda tidak perlu membaca keseluruhan novel untuk mengetahui hal itu, cukup membaca sekilas pada bagian yang memuat kejadian penembakan tersebut.

2. Skimming

Teknik ini mirip dengan scanning, hanya saja tujuannya untuk mendapat gambaran ringkas akan isi suatu buku/makalah. Jika Anda mendapat tugas membaca lima judul buku dan harus membuat tinjauannya dalam waktu kurang dari tiga hari, Anda mungkin tidak dapat menyelesaikannya jika harus membaca buku itu satu per satu. Cukup membaca secara skimming dan kembangkan tinjauan Anda berdasarkan gambaran umum yang Anda peroleh.

3. Untuk memahami

Teknik ini banyak digunakan untuk membaca materi pelajaran yang baru. Membaca dilakukan dengan lebih perlahan, mendalam dan terkadang diulang-ulang, sehingga terserap dalam ingatan. Untuk mengulang, dapat digunakan teknik skimming.

4. Mengeja

Teknik ini digunakan jika menyangkut istilah asing atau teknis, misalnya fenilpropanolamina HCI. Tujuannya agar pengejaan nama tidak salah dan nama tersebut benar-benar masuk dalam ingatan.

5. Mencatat

Kalau sudah menyangkut materi bacaan yang banyak, catatan-catatan kecil berupa kata kunci atau "jembatan keledai" akan sangat membantu mengingat keseluruhan bacaan.




Skimming and Scanning For Better Speed Reading

A big element of effective speed-reading is only reading those pieces of text that you actually need to read and not reading that which you don't need to read.
To help you find the information you actually need to read and to avoid the information you don't need to read it is important to practice skimming and scanning when reading text.
Skimming and scanning are actually two very different ways of going through text. Scanning while speed reading is the process of looking for a specific piece of information, like looking up a word in the dictionary for example. You don't read every word; you "scan" through the text to look for what you want and stop once you have found and absorbed the information you are looking for.
Skimming on the other hand involves going through the book page by page just looking at chapter titles and sub titles and categories and pictures and diagrams to get a general feel for the text and its layout to familiarize yourself with its structure. And to also help get an overview of the subject matter the book is on. And to get a general impression of what the text contains.
To help you be more effective and get the most out of both skimming and scanning text it can be useful to know what your purpose is for reading the book. Knowing why you are reading a book and what you are looking for will help to get your brain alert for any information that your are looking for in the text as you read.
This is because there is a part of your brain involved in controlling your attention and awareness levels, which is know as the "reticular activation system"(RAS) and is activated by goals and purpose.
Your RAS is so powerful that it can actually block out information you have not made clear you want from the text, and it can also alert you to information you are actually looking for. It dose this by controlling your perceptual filters, which helps to filter out any information you don't need and alert you to what you do in the text.
So that is why it is so important to know why you are reading information and what you need or want from the text before you begin reading because if you are not totally sure of what information you need you are unlikely to find it and could actually miss it without even knowing.

Another big piece that is important to work on in order to become a fast speed reader, is to boost your speed reading stamina, your speed reading stamina is the amount of time you are able to read at speed for with good comprehension and recall. Boosting your speed reading stamina will help you to train and recondition your brain to reading at faster speeds and so will allow you to get all of the benefits of speed reading faster.
I have collected together all of the important things that you will have to do in order to boost your speed reading stamina, all of this information has been arranged into a 7 part e-course that you can take. To receive this valuable resource for boosting your speed reading stamina which will help you to increase your reading speed faster, simply visit my reading stamina [http://www.yourspeedreading.com/reading_stamina.htm] web page and enter you name and a email address so that I can email it to you right aw

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